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Russian wine refers to wine made in the Russian Federation and to some extent wines made in the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics though this later referencing is an inaccurate representation of wines from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova, Ukraine.〔H. Johnson & J. Robinson ''The World Atlas of Wine'' pg 260-261 Mitchell Beazley Publishing 2005 ISBN 1-84000-332-4〕 The phrase ''Russian wine'' more properly refers to wine made in the southern part of the Russian Federation-including the areas around Dagestan, Chechnya, Kabardino-Balkaria, Krasnodar Krai, Rostov, and Stavropol Krai. Russia currently has the following controlled appellations that correspond to the sorts of grapes: Sibirkovy (Сибирьковый),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=od_displayImage('sitelogo', '/templates/vine-new/images/logo', 228, 63, '', ''); )〕 Tsimlyanski Cherny (Цимлянский чёрный),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=od_displayImage('sitelogo', '/templates/vine-new/images/logo', 228, 63, '', ''); )〕 Plechistik (Плечистик),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=od_displayImage('sitelogo', '/templates/vine-new/images/logo', 228, 63, '', ''); )〕 Narma (Нарма),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=od_displayImage('sitelogo', '/templates/vine-new/images/logo', 228, 63, '', ''); )〕 and Güliabi Dagestanski (Гюляби Дагестанский).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=od_displayImage('sitelogo', '/templates/vine-new/images/logo', 228, 63, '', ''); )〕〔J. Robinson ''"The Oxford Companion to Wine"'' Third Edition pg 598 Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0-19-860990-6〕 ==History== Wild grape vines have grown around the Caspian, Black and Azov seas for thousands of years with evidence of viticulture and cultivation for trade with the Ancient Greeks found along the shores of the Black Sea at Phanagoria and Gorgippia.〔J. Robinson ''"The Oxford Companion to Wine"'' Third Edition pg 597 Oxford University Press 2006 ISBN 0-19-860990-6〕 It is claimed that the Black Sea area is the world's oldest wine region.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Home - Russian Wine Country )〕 The founder of modern commercial wine-making in Russia was Prince Leo Galitzine (1845-1915), who established the first Russian factory of champagne wines at his Crimean estate of Novyi Svet. In 1889 the production of this winery won the Gold Medal at the Paris exhibition in the nomination for sparkling wines, although several years previously the wine regions of Russia had been devastated by the Phylloxera epidemic. In 1891, Galitzine congratulated himself on becoming the surveyor of imperial vineyards at Abrau-Dyurso, where the sparkling wine was produced throughout the 20th century under the brand of Soviet Champagne, or "champagne for the people". After the Russian Revolution of 1917 the French wine-savvy professionals fled Russia, but the industry was gradually reestablished, starting from 1920. The wine industry experienced a rebound in the 1940s and 1950s during the Soviet era until the domestic reforms pushed by Mikhail Gorbachev in 1985 as part of his campaign against alcoholism. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the transition to a market economy with the privatization of land saw many of the area's prime vineyard spaces being utilized for other purposes. By 2000 the entire Russian Federation had only under cultivation, less than half the total area used in the early 1980s.〔 In May 2014 Denis Puzyrev, writing for ''The Daily Telegraph, said: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Russian wine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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